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Northern cardinals have a short, stout bill, adapted for cracking seeds. This species is the only bright red bird with a crest.

Solo Duet: Northern Cardinal

All winter, northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) have been brightening the landscape with their red plumage and their upward-rising whit-whit-whit calls followed by that descending pfew, Pfew call. Three or four pairs of them have been frequenting the bird feeder, lording it over the finches and chickadees. On this cold March morning, one is sitting on […]

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Post card image of a pioneer log cabin dating from 1848 in Jasper County, Iowa. The structure has been preserved in a park and is extant today

Settlement Part 1: Land Rush

Although the United States had purchased the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803, Iowa was still considered Indian Territory. Land-hungry settlers moved inexorably across the woodlands of Ohio and Indiana into the Illinois prairies up to the Mississippi River. The river was a hard boundary, remaining in the nominal possession of the Sauk and Fox […]

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